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1.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37222903

RESUMO

Dental age estimation (DAE) is key to establishing an individual's identity, and this is relevant in minors. A widely used method for DAE in children is Cameriere's open apices (CAM). Despite its wide dissemination, there are no clear reports of its use in Latin American populations. A scoping review was conducted using a search strategy in the PubMed/MEDLINE database, Web of Science, and a complementary manual search. Only papers using CAM or its regression equation models for evaluating Latin American populations were included. Ten studies published between 2007 and 2020 responded to the search objective. Brazil was the country with the most studies using CAM (7/10), and the University of Macerata (Italy) was the most declared affiliation (6/10). Seven studies used the original CAM formula in populations from Brazil and Peru, while the European formula (EuCAM) was applied in Mexico, Colombia, and Brazil. Although the method underestimated the age values with acceptable error margins, the correction factor substantially improved the predictive power of the method. Some limitations of the method are highlighted. CAM and its variants can be useful for validation in Latin American settings, but attention to population structures and terminologies is suggested for future research.

2.
Anthropol Anz ; 80(1): 23-29, 2023 Jan 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36155612

RESUMO

The existence of a third root in the mandibular first molars may have implications for certain dental treatments; however, its greatest relevance could be in anthropological and forensic sciences, because its prevalence varies significantly according to ethnic groups. The purpose of this research was to determine the prevalence of radix entomolaris (RE) in a sample of Chilean people. A random sample of 1330 digital periapical radiographs of endodontically treated mandibular first molars (551 males and 779 females, aged between 18 and 87 years) were evaluated. The prevalence of RE, its distribution by sex and root canal lengths were determined. Evidence demonstrated that the formation of RE is associated with ancestry and its frequency is variable according to populations studied, being more frequent in Asians and Native Americans. The prevalence of RE in the studied people was 3.16%, similar to frequencies reported in European individuals (3.4%-4.2%). The 61.90% of RE were located at the right side of the mandible and 38.10% at the left side. The average working length of RE was 19.52 mm. No statistically significant differences in frequencies were observed by sex (p = 0.19). The prevalence of RE varies among continental population groups. However, due to human migration, the frequency of this physical trait could be modified in specific geographic regions. The observed prevalence of RE in the study group was similar to the prevalence ranges observed for European ancestry populations and it was considerably lower than the data reported for non-Europeans. The absence of sexual dimorphism is consistent with results of previous studies performed worldwide.


Assuntos
Dentição , Raiz Dentária , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Chile/epidemiologia , Raiz Dentária/diagnóstico por imagem , Dente Molar , Etnicidade , Mandíbula
3.
Int. j. morphol ; 40(3): 650-656, jun. 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385661

RESUMO

SUMMARY: The objective of this review was to identify original studies describing radiographic methods for dental age estimation applied in Chilean children, considering that it is a country with a long history of natural disasters and it has shown an unprecedented increase in the number of migrants in recent years, with significant percentages of individuals under 18 years of age. A scoping review was carried out following the methodology for the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping reviews and PRISMA guidelines. A specific search strategy was implemented in PubMed/Medline database, with complementary use of the Google Scholar website searching for full articles in English and Spanish. Five documents responded to the search objective, of which only 3 were published in refereed journals. Two documents focused their study on the maturation of upper and lower third molars, one on the maturation of the second and lower third molars, and two documents on the maturation of the seven mandibular teeth according to classical methodologies. The scarce existing literature, the almost absence of validated methods for the Chilean population, as well as the reported mass immigration phenomenon make a new and profound scientific research approach necessary for the application of updated methods.


RESUMEN: El objetivo de esta revisión fue identificar estudios originales que describan métodos radiográficos para la estimación de la edad dental aplicados en niños chilenos, considerando que Chile es un país con una larga historia de desastres naturales y que ha mostrado un aumento sin precedentes en el número de inmigrantes en los últimos años, con porcentajes significativos de individuos menores de 18 años. Se llevó a cabo una revisión con búsqueda sistemática siguiendo la metodología del Instituto Joanna Briggs y las pautas PRISMA. Se implementó una estrategia de búsqueda específica en la base de datos PubMed/Medline, con uso complementario de Google Scholar, buscando artículos completos en inglés y español. Cinco documentos respondieron al objetivo de búsqueda, de los cuales solo 3 fueron publicados en revistas arbitradas. Dos documentos centraron su estudio en la maduración de los terceros molares superiores e inferiores, uno en la maduración de los segundos y terceros molares inferiores y dos documentos en la maduración de los siete dientes mandibulares según metodologías clásicas. La escasa literatura existente, la casi ausencia de métodos validados para la población chilena, así como el fenómeno de inmigración masiva reportado, hacen necesario un nuevo y profundo enfoque de investigación científica para la apli- cación de métodos actualizados.


Assuntos
Humanos , Determinação da Idade pelos Dentes/métodos , Radiografia Dentária , Emigração e Imigração , Odontologia Legal , Chile
4.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385821

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to compare the antibacterial effect of eight different commercial (MWs) on two Streptococcus mutans (SM) strains by using the agar well diffusion method. Eight commercial MWs were selected, all of them combined several ingredients in different concentrations, the main active ingredients were: Chlorhexidine gluconate, cetylpyridinium chloride, sodium fluoride, zinc lactate, vitamin B5 and super-oxidized water. The SM strains were extracted from Cultiloops® and incubated for 24 hours at 37 °C. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method. The inhibition zones were measured using an electronic digital caliper. The R© software was used to perform the statistical analysis using Kruskall-Wallis test and Dunn's multiple comparisons test. Seven commercial formulas demonstrated inhibitory effect over both SM strains. Only the MW containing super-oxidized water did not exhibit antibacterial activity. Higher inhibitory effect was observed in the chlorhexidine gluconate formula (27.38 ± 0.98 mm and 31.52 ± 0.64 mm). No statistically significant differences were observed when comparing formulas containing chlorhexidine gluconate in combination with other active ingredients. Seven MWs showed antibacterial activity except super-oxidized water formula. MWs containing chlorhexidine gluconate demonstrated the best effect against SM. However, no statistically significant differences were found when comparing formulas using exclusively chlorhexidine gluconate or combined with other antiseptics. Future research must be performed, focused on developing new MWs with similar antibacterial effects to chlorhexidine, but free of side effects, particularly in long-term treatments.


RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el efecto antibacteriano de ocho colutorios comerciales en la proliferación de dos cepas de Streptococcus mutans (SM) mediante el método de difusión de pozos de agar. Se seleccionaron ocho colutorios comerciales, todos ellos combinados con varios ingredientes en diferentes concentraciones, los principales ingredientes activos fueron: gluconato de clorhexidina, cloruro de cetilpiridinio, fluoruro de sodio, lactato de zinc, vitamina B5 y agua superoxidada. Las cepas SM se extrajeron de Cultiloops® y se incubaron durante 24 horas a 37 °C. La actividad antimicrobiana se evaluó mediante el método de difusión de placa de agar. Las zonas de inhibición se midieron utilizando un calibre digital electrónico. Se utilizó el software R © para realizar el análisis estadístico mediante la prueba de Kruskall-Wallis y la prueba de comparaciones múltiples de Dunn. Siete fórmulas comerciales demostraron efecto inhibidor sobre ambas cepas SM. Solo el colutorio que contenía agua superoxidada no mostró actividad antibacteriana. Se observó un mayor efecto inhibidor en las fórmulas congluconato de clorhexidina (27,38 ± 0,98 mm y 31,52 ± 0,64 mm). No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas al comparar fórmulas que contienen gluconato de clorhexidina en combinación con otros ingredientes activos. Siete MW mostraron actividad antibacteriana excepto la fórmula de agua superoxidada. Los colutorios que contienen gluconato de clorhexidina mostraron el mejor efecto contra SM. Sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas al comparar fórmulas que combinaron con otros principios activos. Se deben realizar investigaciones, enfocadas en el desarrollo de nuevos colutorios con efectos antibacterianos similares a la clorhexidina, pero libres de efectos secundarios, particularmente en tratamientos a largo plazo.

5.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385761

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: Actually, bioceramic endodontic sealers represent an advantageous option for root canals sealing due to their multiple properties. There are several in vitro studies about their antimicrobial properties, however, their comparative antimicrobial potential, compared with other types of endodontic sealers is not entirely clear. The aim of the present research was to perform a systematic review to assess the antimicrobial effectiveness of commercially available bioceramic root canal sealers against Enterococcus faecalis in accordance with the PRISMA statement. A literature search was made in four electronic databases: MEDLINE, ClinicalKey, ScienceDirect and EBSCO. Were included in vitro studies, published in English, between 2015 and 2019. The evaluation of the selected studies was performed by two authors, independently. Four studies were included in the review. EndoSequence™ (Brasseler USA, Savannah, GA) also available on the market as TotalFill™ (Brasseler USA, Savannah, GA) and BioRoot™ were the bioceramic root canal sealers evaluated. The risk of bias was assessed according to the modified CONSORT checklist for preclinical studies. Selected studies reported positive antimicrobial activity against Enterococ cus faecalis in the bioceramic sealers evaluated. The less activity was observed on BioRoot™ sealer. All studies used a planktonic form of Enterococcus faecalis and in vitro laboratory methods of evaluation. The antimicrobial activity reported varies accordi ng to the laboratory method used, even for the same sealer, so the existence of false negatives is suggested. This systematic review identified the need for more research into the antimicrobial activity of bioceramic sealers, ideally with models using bacterial biofilms and studies in humans.


RESUMEN: En la actualidad, los cementos selladores biocerámicos son una opción ventajosa para la obturación de canales radiculares debido a sus múltiples propiedades. Existen varios estudios in vitro acerca de sus propiedades antimicrobianas, sin embargo, su potencial antimicrobiano, en comparación con otros tipos de cementos selladores endodónticos, no se está completamente claro. El propósito de la presente investigación fue realizar una revisión sistemática sobre las propiedades antimicrobianas de los cementos selladores biocerámicos disponibles en el mercado sobre Enterococcus faecalis, de acuerdo a la declaración PRIS- MA. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en cuatro bases de datos electrónicas: MEDLINE, ClinicalKey, ScienceDirect y EBSCO. Se incluyeron estudios in vitro, publicados en inglés, entre 2015 y 2019. La evaluación de los estudios seleccionados fue realizada por dos autores de forma independiente. Fueron incluidos cuatro estudios en la revisión. EndoSequence™ (Brasseler USA, Savannah, GA), también comercializado en el mercado como TotalFill™ (Brasseler USA, Savannah, GA), y BioRoot™ fueron los cementos selladores biocerámicos evaluados. El riesgo de sesgo se evaluó de acuerdo con la lista de verificación CONSORT modificada para estudios preclínicos. Los estudios seleccionados informaron actividadantimicrobiana positiva contra E. faecalis en los selladores biocerámicos evaluados. La menor actividad la presentó BioRootTM. Todos los estudios utilizaron una forma planctónica de E. faecalis y métodos de evaluación in vitro. La actividad antimicrobiana reportada varió en base al método de laboratorio utilizado, incluso para el mismo sellador, por lo que se sugiere la existencia de falsos negativos. Esta revisión sistemática identificó la necesidad de realizar más investigaciones sobre la actividad antimicrobiana de los selladores biocerámicos, idealmente con modelos que utilicen biopelículas bacterianas y estudios en humanos.

6.
Rev. odontol. mex ; 19(3): 181-186, jul.-sep. 2015.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-791606

RESUMO

La caries dental es una enfermedad altamente prevalente en el mundo. Una opción para tratar dientes ampliamente destruidos por caries dental es la realización de tratamientos de endodoncia. Aun cuando estas terapias tienen un pronóstico favorable en la mayoría de los casos, la literatura señala que existe la posibilidad de fracaso. Una de las principales causas de fracaso en los tratamientos de endodoncia es la permanencia de microorganismos en los canales radiculares. Dentro de las numerosas especies bacterianas existentes, una de las más frecuentemente encontradas en dientes con necrosis pulpar (sin historia previa de endodoncia) y la más aislada en aquellos con recidiva de infección (dientes con indicación de retratamiento) es Enterococcus faecalis . Estudiar y conocer la microbiología endodóntica es requisito fundamental para lograr un tratamiento de endodoncia exitoso en dientes desvitalizados. Surge así la necesidad de conocer el comportamiento de las bacterias dentro del sistema de canales radiculares, así como sus mecanismos de defensa y resistencia, para manejar de la mejor manera posible su interacción con el diente y lograr su eliminación. El siguiente artículo corresponde a una revisión bibliográfi ca de la literatura existente acerca de Enterococcus faecalis , sus características principales y mecanismos de resistencia. La búsqueda bibliográfi ca se realizó a través de bases de datos electrónicas (EBSCO, Cochcrane, Medline y Lilacs), utilizando motores de búsqueda (Pubmed y Decs); se incluyeron artículos en inglés y español, publicados durante los últimos 30 años. De un total de 52 artículos, se seleccionaron 26, correspondientes a estudios experimentales y revisiones de literatura.


Dental caries is a highly prevalent disease in the world. Endodontic treatment is an option to treat teeth widely destroyed by dental caries. Even though this type of therapy offers favorable prognosis in most cases, scientific literature suggests there is a possibility for failure. In endodontic treatments, one of the most prevalent causes for treatment failure is permanence of microorganisms within root canals. Among the numerous existing bacterial species, Enterococcus faecalis is one of the most frequently found in teeth with pulp necrosis (lacking previous history of endodontic treatment). It is equally the most frequently isolated species in teeth with infection recurrence (teeth exhibiting evidence of recurrent treatment). To achieve successful endodontic treatment in devitalized teeth it is of the utmost importance to study and be aware of endodontic microbiology. This leads then to the need of studying bacterial behavior within the system of root canals as well as their resistance and defense mechanisms in order to best manage their interaction with the tooth and achieve bacterial obliteration. The present article purports to offer a bibliographic review of existing literature on Enterococus faecalis , its main characteristics as well as resistance mechanisms. Bibliographic search was conducted through electronic databases (EBSCO, Cochcrane, Medline and Lilacs), using search engines (Pubmed and Decs). Included articles were written in Spanish and English and published during the last 30 years. Out of a total 52 articles, 26 were selected; they corresponded to experimental studies and literature reviews.

7.
Int. j. morphol ; 33(3): 1136-1140, Sept. 2015. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-762598

RESUMO

Within the procedures involved in a successful endodontic treatment is the working length (WL) determination. The root canal end must be detected accurately, and a precise control of the WL must be maintained. There are several methods to determine WL. Researchers have published the average teeth length (ATL) to the human permanent dentition. These measurements are used as an anatomical reference. If the WL is evaluated using a radiographic image, it is accepted as clinical success if the limit of the canal sealing is 1 mm coronal to the root apex. One method to determine WL is based in substract 1 mm to ATL. Another method widely used, assert to achieve a more precise WL determination, through the use of an electronic apex locator (AL). Nevertheless, published measures of ATL are still used as anatomical reference, and are used to determine WL in the absence of an AL. The aim of this study was to determine the average WL of second molars and premolars with endodontic treatment indication using a PropexII® AL, and compare these measurements to WL determination using ATL method. A descriptive cross-sectional study with a non-random sample of consecutive cases was executed. Results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the WL obtained with AL and ATL method in studied teeth, except mesio-buccal canal of second maxillary molars (19.94 mm average using AL, 1.54 mm greater than ATL method 18.40 mm; p= 0.002). The ATL method to determine WL could be used to determine the WL of second molars and premolars in studied population. Further research should be performed to determine if ATL method is safe and reliable to be used in absence of an AL or in patients where this instrument cannot be used.


Entre los procedimientos involucrados en un tratamiento endodóntico exitoso está la determinación de longitud de trabajo (LT). Esta debe mantenerse durante todo el tratamiento, y el extremo del canal radicular (CR) debe detectarse con precisión. Existen varios métodos para determinar LT; los investigadores han publicado la longitud total promedio (LTP) de la dentición permanente humana. Estas mediciones se utilizan como referencia anatómica. Si LT se evalúa usando una imagen radiográfica, se acepta como éxito clínico cuando el límite de la obturación radicular queda 1 mm coronal al ápice radicular. Un método para determinar LT se basa en restar 1 mm a la LTP. Otro método, que permite una determinación de LT más precisa, se realiza utilizando un localizador apical electrónico (LA). Pese a esto último, las medidas publicadas de LTP todavía se utilizan como referencia anatómica, para determinar LT en ausencia de un LA. El objetivo fue determinar LT promedio de los CR de segundos molares y premolares con indicación de endodoncia utilizando LA PropexII®, y comparar estas mediciones con la LT determinada utilizando el método de LTP. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con una muestra no probabilística de casos consecutivos. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la LT obtenida con LA y el método LTP en los dientes estudiados, salvo en los canales mesio-bucales de segundos molares superiores (19,94mm promedio usando LA, 1,54 mm mayor que el método LTP: 18,40 mm; p= 0,002). El método para definir LT a través de LTP podría utilizarse para determinar LT de segundos molares y premolares en la población estudiada. Se requieren investigaciones posteriores para determinar si el método que utiliza LTP es confiable para ser utilizado en ausencia de un LA o en pacientes en los que este instrumento no pueda ocuparse.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Cavidade Pulpar/anatomia & histologia , Dente Molar/anatomia & histologia , Odontometria/métodos , Ápice Dentário/anatomia & histologia , Estudos Transversais , Equipamentos e Provisões Elétricas , Odontometria/instrumentação
8.
Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 8(2): 177-183, set. 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-722884

RESUMO

La endodoncia estudia la morfología y fisiología del sistema de canales de un diente. Su objetivo principal es prevenir lesiones pulpares y periodontales y tratar las ya instaladas. La determinación de la longitud de trabajo es una de las etapas más importantes del tratamiento de endodoncia. Imprecisiones en este proceso pueden favorecer la ocurrencia de accidentes y complicaciones postoperatorias. Esta revisión de la literatura describe la importancia de la anatomía dentaria aplicada a endodoncia y su estudio en cada población, además de presentar las principales técnicas para determinar la longitud de trabajo. La longitud de trabajo limita la preparación y obturación del canal radicular. Este límite debe ser la constricción apical. Diversos métodos de determinación han sido utilizados, donde el uso de localizadores apicales resulta ser el método más confiable. No obstante, es necesario conocer la morfología del sistema de canales en este proceso. Las longitudes radiculares referenciales a nivel mundial fueron publicadas por Ingle & Bakland. No existen estudios que determinen la longitud de trabajo para cada diente en población sudamericana; tampoco los hay que determinen la longitud de trabajo en pacientes con localizadores apicales. Estudiar y conocer la anatomía radicular es un requisito fundamental para un tratamiento de endodoncia exitoso. Es esperable que existan diferencias entre las descripciones anatómicas dentarias clásicas y la anatomía dentaria de poblaciones específicas. Surge la necesidad de determinar parámetros de normalidad en cada población a nivel mundial.


Endodontics is a dentistry specialty concerned with the study of root canal morphology and physiology, besides treating pathologies affecting root canal system and periapical region. Determining working length is one of the most important stages of endodontic therapy. Inaccuracies in this process may contribute to occurrence of accidents and postoperative pain. This literature review develops the importance of studying dental anatomy applied to endodontics, as well as the importance of performing research in this field in diverse populations worldwide, and discuss the main techniques to determine working length. Limits of root canal preparation and obturation are given by working length. This limit is the apical constriction. Several methods have been used to determine this, where apex locators are the most reliable tool, it is however, necessary to know root canal system morphology in this process. Referential teeth root lengths used nowadays in endodontics were published by Ingle & Bakland. There are no studies determining if teeth length in South American population, are in agreement with Ingle´s data, nor is there any research determining working length with apex locators. In order to achieve a successful endodontic therapy it is necessary to know teeth root morphology as well as root canals systems anatomy. It is expected to discover differences between classical dental anatomical descriptions and dental morphology of specific populations. There is a need to determine root canal system parameters of normality in populations worldwide.

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